Barnyard Millet

Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea)

Varieties

A number of varieties with high yield potential have been released for different states. The list of latest and popular varieties recommended for different states are given below

State Varieties

1. Uttarakhand VL 172, VL 207, PRJ 1 and VL 29, PRS 1

2. Uttar Pradesh VL 172 and VL 207, Anurag, VL 29

3. Tamil Nadu CO 1 and CO 2, VL 181, VL 29

4. Karnataka VL 172, RAU 11, VL 181

5. Gujarat Gujarat Banti- 1

Season

• Tamil Nadu: September –October (Rainfed) and February –March (Irrigated)

• Uttaranchal and North Eastern States: April-May

• Dry seeding prior to the onset of monsoon is practiced in hills.

Spacing and seed rate

Spacing: 25 cms between rows and 10 cm between plants within a row

Seed rate: 8-10 kg ha-1 for line sowing

12-15 kg ha -1 for broad casting

Manuring and fertilization

• Apply 5 tones of farm yard manure per hectare 2-3 weeks before sowing.

• fertilizer required for different states is as follows

States Fertilizer recommended NPK kg ha-1

Andhra Pradesh 20:20:0

Bihar and Tamil nadu 40:20:0

Uttar Pradesh 40:20:0

Other states 20:20:0

Bio-fertilizer:

Inoculating seeds with Agrobacterium radiobacter and Aspergillus awamori is recommended

Weed control

• Two inter cultivations and one hand weeding in line sowing

• Two hand weeding in broadcasted crop.

Cropping system

• Barnyard millet + rice bean in 4:1 row ratio is recommended for Uttaranchal

Diseases

The crop although affected by three different smuts, the grain smut caused by Ustilago panici-frumentacei is important.

Control: Pre sowing treatment of the seeds with Thiram or Carbendazim @ 2g/kg.

Pests

Shootfly

It is the most serious pest causing significant yield losses.

Control

Early sowing with the onset of monsoon is an effective and cheapest method of control.

Source:https://www.millets.res.in/technologies.php

Climatic Requirements: Barnyard millet is a drought tolerant crop and hence is grown as a rainfed crop. It can be grown successfully under partially water logged conditions. It is grown from sea level to an altitude of 2000 metres on the Himalayan slopes. Warm and moderately humid climate is good for raising barnyard millet crop. It is a hardy crop and is able to withstand adverse conditions of weather better than other cereals.

Soil: Barnyard millet is generally cultivated in soils of marginal fertility. It can be grown in partially water logged soils such as low lands on the banks of rivers etc. But it thrives best on sandy loam to loam soil having sufficient amount of organic matter. Gravely and stony soils with poor fertility are not suitable for raising barnyard millet crop.

Field Preparation: Since it is cultivated in very light and marginal soils, the land is given only a limited preparatory cultivation. Two ploughings with local plough or harrowing followed by planking are sufficient to prepare the seedbed for barnyard millet.

Seed and Sowing: Barnyard millet can be sown in the first fortnight of July with the onset of monsoon rains. The seed is broadcast or drilled in furrows 3-4 centimetre deep at the rate of 8-10 kg per hectare. Transplanting is also done in some places in Maharashtra. It is always better to sow it in rows 25 centimetre apart. In flood affected areas, it is sown with the first showers of rain by broadcast method and harvested before the flood may come.

Manures and Fertilisers: Farm yard manure of compost at the rate of 5 to 10 tonnes per hectare should be added for boosting the yield. It can be supplemented with 40 kg nitrogen, 30 kg P2O5 and 50 kg K2O per hectare. All the fertilizer should be added in the soil at the time of sowing. If irrigation facilities are available, half of the nitrogen should be top dressed in standing crop after 25-30 days of sowing.

Water Management: Generally barnyard millet does not require any irrigation. However, if dry spell prevails for a long period, then one irrigation must be given at the time of panicle initiation stage. It is always better if excess water of heavy rains is drained out of the field.

Weed Control: The field should be kept weed free up to 25-30 days after sowing. Two weedings are sufficient to control the weeds in barnyard millet field. Weedings may be done with hand hoe or wheel hoe in line sown crop.

Diseases Downy Mildew: It is caused by a fungus. Sometimes it may cause severe damage to the crop plants. In the beginning the light yellow bands are seen on the leaves which in due course of time become white. Later on leaves start drying and in case of severe infection earheads become chaffy. Remove the infected plants and destroy them. Use seed from healthy plants only.

Smut: It is also caused by a fungus. The affected panicles are full of black masses instead of grains. This is a seed-borne disease and can be controlled by treating the seed with Agrosan G.N. or Ceresan at the rate of 2.5 g per kg of seed of hot water treatment (soaking seed in hot water at 550C for 7-12 minutes).

Rust: It is caused by a fungus. Black spots are seen in lines on leaves. It causes considerable reduction in grain yield. Spray of Dithane M-45 at the rate of 2 kg in 1000 litres of water per hectare may check the spread of this disease.

Insect Pests: Stem borer can be controlled by applying 15 kg Thimet granules per hectare. Harvesting and Threshing: The crop should be harvested when it is ripe. It is cut from the ground level with the help of sickles and stacked in the field for about a week before threshing. Threshing is done by trampling under the feet of bullocks.

Yield: The average yield of grain is 400 to 600 kg per hectare and that of fodder or straw around 1200 kg per hectare. With improved package of practices it is possible to harvest 10-12 quintals of grain per hectare.